Pernicious anemia occurs more commonly in people who already have diseases that are linked to immune-system abnormalities, such as Graves disease, hypothyroidism (under-functioning thyroid gland), thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid), vitiligo, and Addison's disease (adrenocortical insufficiency)
That selectivity matters in research for two reasons: Cleaner interpretation: If a compound pushes fewer off-target endocrine pathways, observed outcomes are easier to connect to the intended mechanism
AOD9604 has been characterised across pre-clinical, safety pharmacology, and early-phase clinical research since the late 1990s, with peer-reviewed publications spanning lipid metabolism, adipose biology, joint repair, and bioavailability
a recent safety analysis found no anaphylaxis in hundreds of patients receiving high-dose IV thiamine, suggesting the risk is very low in practice
Policy If you have a low vitamin B12 level, getting a boost in the form of injections or pills can go a long way toward improving your health and overall well-being
The American Journal of Physiology